At the end of Twilight of the Idols (1889) Nietzsche reflected on "What I owe to the Ancients." The "last disciple of the philosopher Dionysus' and "teacher of eternal return" acknowledged his debt in terms of the Dionysian "cure" for Platonism and Christianity. The cure involved a militant "revaluation" of the negative values of the latter — the ressentiment against life and the separation of the intelligible world from the world of appearances — accomplished through the affirmation of will to power and eternal return. The outlines of such a Dionysian philosophy are sketched out in Nietzsche's last notes on will-to-power, and these notes — with their appeal to science — have proved the inspiration for recent reassessments of Nietzsche's thought as a philosophy of science.¹ In these readings, Nietzsche" s thought of the will to power in nature prevails over the thought of eternal return, perhaps underestimating Nietzsche's debt to both science and the ancients, or more specifically, his debt to the ancient science of atomism.